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The Algiers Agreement Is Null and Void: Eri
Eritrea’s Systematic Breaches Against Ethiopia’s Sovereignty and Regional Stability
A Strategic Declaration on National Integrity, International Law, and Regional Security
Prepared by: Horn of Africa Geopolitical Review
Contributors: Leading Regional and International Political, Legal, and Security Experts
Date: June 2025
Executive Summary
This declaration presents an urgent diplomatic and legal position by the Ethiopian Federal Government that the Algiers Agreement of 2000—originally signed to end the Eritrean–Ethiopian War—is null and void. The justification lies in the persistent, escalating, and deliberate violations of the agreement by the regime of Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki.
The Eritrean government has long pursued destabilizing actions that directly violate Ethiopia’s sovereignty, territorial integrity, and constitutional federal order.
This document outlines the legal, political, and security rationales underpinning Ethiopia’s decision to revoke its commitment to the Algiers framework. It further calls for robust multilateral action to contain Eritrea’s regional belligerence and uphold the norms of international peace and security.
I. Background: The Algiers Agreement (2000)
Signed under the auspices of the United Nations, the Organization of African Unity (OAU), the United States, and the European Union, the Algiers Agreement sought to permanently end hostilities between Eritrea and Ethiopia after the 1998–2000 war. It established the Eritrea–Ethiopia Boundary Commission (EEBC) and committed both parties to peaceful dispute resolution and normalization of bilateral relations.
However, since its inception, the Eritrean regime has repeatedly violated the letter and spirit of this agreement. Under the authoritarian leadership of Isaias Afwerki, Eritrea has transformed from a peace partner into a regional spoiler and destabilizing force.
II. Eritrea’s Core Violations of the Algiers Agreement
- Illegal Military Occupation of Ethiopian Territory
Eritrea continues to illegally occupy Ethiopian territory, in defiance of international law and the principles enshrined in the Algiers Agreement. This occupation is not symbolic—it is militarized, accompanied by the displacement of Ethiopian civilians, and a blatant refusal to engage in lawful conflict resolution.
- Support for Armed Insurgencies Targeting Ethiopia
The Eritrean regime has orchestrated, financed, and armed a wide range of insurgent groups aimed at destabilizing the Ethiopian state. These include:
Remnants of the TPLF’s criminal network, seeking to sabotage federal stability.
Amhara extremist militias, responsible for ethnically motivated violence.
Oromo and Afar rebel groups, inflamed by Eritrean provocation. Eritrean operatives have engaged in political assassinations, sabotage missions, and covert psychological operations targeting Ethiopian state institutions.
- Deliberate Sabotage of Ethiopia’s National Development Strategy
The Eritrean regime has waged a sustained campaign to undermine Ethiopia’s development agenda—targeting critical infrastructure including:
The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD)
Regional transport corridors and logistics networks
Digital platforms essential to Ethiopia’s economic modernization
These attacks have included espionage, cyber operations, and disinformation campaigns,
designed to hinder Ethiopia’s sovereign development.
- Propaganda and Cyber Warfare
Eritrean state media, diaspora proxies, and digital warfare units are engaged in:
Spreading fake news and divisive ethnic propaganda Radically misrepresenting Ethiopia’s internal political landscape to the international community Orchestrating disinformation networks targeting Ethiopia’s diaspora, allies, and diplomatic partner
III. Legal and Political Basis for Declaring the Algiers Agreement Null and Void
A. Material Breach of Peace Terms
Eritrea’s hostile activities violate the central objective of the Algiers Agreement—peace. Its
military occupation, proxy warfare, and anti-state activities nullify the mutual obligations
underpinning the agreement.
B. Violations of International Norms
Eritrea’s conduct contravenes international humanitarian law, the UN Charter, and the
Constitutive Act of the African Union. These frameworks prohibit aggression, support for
terrorism, and violation of sovereign borders.
C. Absence of Good Faith and Reciprocity
Eritrea has failed to uphold the agreement in good faith. Its government has consistently acted as a spoiler of regional peace, with no intention of honoring its international commitments.
IV. Strategic Recommendations for the Ethiopian Federal Government
- Issue a Formal Diplomatic Declaration
Publicly and legally declare the Algiers Agreement null and void.
Submit a formal dossier of legal arguments and documented violations to the UN, AU, IGAD, EU, and strategic allies.
- Call for Sanctions and Multilateral Action
Request the UN Security Council and African Union to reinstate targeted sanctions.
Advocate for asset freezes and travel bans on Eritrean military and intelligence figures
responsible for destabilization.
Recommend designation of Eritrea as a state sponsor of terrorism, where applicable.
- Organize an Emergency Regional Security Summit
Convene a high-level summit involving Ethiopia, Sudan, Djibouti, Kenya, South Sudan, and Somalia. Focus agenda on redefining collective regional defense strategies to neutralize Eritrea’s destabilizing influence
- Fortify Border Security and Counter-Insurgency Capabilities
Enhance military readiness along the Eritrean border. Deploy advanced cyber-defense, surveillance, and counter-intelligence operations to neutralize Eritrean-sponsored insurgents.
- Launch a Global Information and Legal Campaign
Expose Eritrea’s international crimes, including:
Human trafficking networks
Gold and arms smuggling
Refugee militarization and forced conscription Mobilize Ethiopian diplomatic missions and diaspora communities to amplify this narrative.
- Align Strategically with Western and Gulf Partners
Coordinate with the United States, European Union, UAE, and Saudi Arabia to build a
diplomatic coalition. Present Eritrea as a direct threat to Red Sea security, maritime trade, and international peace. Push for the inclusion of Eritrea in global counter-terrorism watchlists.
V. A Powerful Diplomatic Message to the World
“Peace Cannot Be Built on Lies and Betrayals.”
The Algiers Agreement was signed in the spirit of peace—but Eritrea has turned it into a shield for covert war. Ethiopia cannot remain bound by an accord systematically and cynically exploited by a regime bent on regional instability. Ethiopia’s sovereignty, security, and dignity are non-negotiable. The time has come to reset regional diplomacy based on truth, law, and mutual respect.
VI. Ethiopia’s Redefined Diplomatic Postur
The Ethiopian Federal Government must now adopt a principled, law-based, and forward-facing diplomatic doctrine. This includes:
Zero tolerance for regional spoilers
Assertive sovereignty defense
Strategic partnerships for peace and development No nation should remain bound to agreements abused by bad-faith actors.
This is not merely a matter of national security—it is a historic opportunity to reassert Ethiopian resilience,
leadership, and constitutional sovereignty.
Document Attribution
Prepared by: Horn of Africa Geopolitical Review
Contributors: Senior diplomats, international legal scholars, regional security experts,
counter-terrorism analysts
Date: June 2025
Distributed to:
African Union Peace and Security Council
United Nations Security Council
Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
European External Action Service (EEAS)
U.S. Department of State
UAE Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Key Think Tanks and Strategic Policy Circles Worldwid
